Read Organic Chemistry Online (Vol 1)

Hey! You are finally here. It's a must for everybody to have the ideas of 'Organic chemistry'. It has been said that, organic chemistry affects almost 99% of our day-to-day activities. This post is the volume 1 of the organic chemistry, which mainly consists of the following;

• Hydrocarbons,
• Alkanes,
• Alkenes, and
• Alkynes.

Let get started.............

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are compounds of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are classified into two main groups - the aliphatic and the aromatic hydrocarbons, according to their structure. The aliphatic hydrocarbons are further classified into alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

Alkanes

The alkanes are aliphatic hydrocarbons. They are saturated. They contain carbon-carbon single bond. They are represented by a general molecular formula of CnH2n+2. E.g methane,ethane, propane, butane, pentane etc.

Methane is the simplest compound of alkanes in the alkane series. Methane is produced during the decomposition of plant matter in the absence of air. Dear, my book guru told us that, methane can also be prepared in the laboratory by heating anhydrous sodium ethanoate with an alkali, usually soda-lime.

Methane is a colourless and odourless gas. It is slightly soluble in water. It is less dense than air. It has no action on litmus. Methane supports combustion since it burns in air. It also undergoes substitution. Methane is mainly used as fuel.

Alkenes

The alkenes form homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons, which are represented as CnH2n. They are unsaturated due to the existence of carbon-carbon double bonds in them. E.g ethene, propene, butene etc.

Ethene is the most important alkene. It is prepared by heating ethanol with excess concerntrated tetraoxosulphate(vi)acid. Ethene is  sparingly soluble in water.It has no action on litmus paper. Ethene also support combustion. It undergoes both addition reaction and polymerization.

Some don't even know that, ethene is the raw material for making most plastics. In agriculture,  its low concerntration are used to hasten the ripening of fruits.

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Alkynes

Alkynes are the unsaturated hydrocarbons with general molecular formula of CnH2n-2. They contain carbon-carbon triple bonds. E.g ethyne, pentyne, butyne etc.

Ethyne is usually prepared in the laboratory by the action of cold water on calcium carbide. Ethyne is a colourless gas with a sweet smell when pure. It is sparingly soluble in water. It is slightly less dense than air. Ethyne also supports combustion. It undergoes addition reaction and substitution reaction. Ethyne is used as fuel.